Monday, May 25, 2020
The Great Depression Caused The Economic Crisis - 784 Words
During 1930s, the Great Depression caused the economic turmoil and had an impact on the unemployment, and the poverty among elderly. This created sense of insecurity over future among the citizen of the U.S. and government. There were several advocates, who passionately campaign for national pension plan such as Huey Long proposed Share our Health Plan, and Dr. Francis Townsend proposed the old age revolving plan. Although, Townsend proposal of providing $200/month to 60 years and older was a failure the popularity of Dr. Townsend plan pressurized the Roosevelt Administration to take action and deal with the issue of social insurance in America. Although the depression emphasized on the unemployment insurance and ââ¬Å"old ageâ⬠benefits, the health insurance was omitted from the priority among the Congressman and focused shifted on old-age pension. The law known as Social Security Act (SSA) was enacted on August 14th, 1935 to provide benefits such as unemployment compensation, old age pension, and services for the protection of children. In addition, McLaughlin and McLaughlin (2015) mentioned that the idea of the health insurance system was implemented during the Great Depression to enhance cash flow in the U.S. The employment-based health insurance and prepaid group practices were introduced after the Great Depression. The first organization to initiate employment-based insurance was the Baylor Hospital and the non-profit organization i.e. the Blue Cross began to offer privateShow MoreRelatedThe Great Depression Of The 1930s Essay1689 Words à |à 7 PagesGlobal Crisis of 2008 in Comparison to the Great Depression of the 1930s Introduction The economic crisisââ¬â¢ of the 1930s and 2000s greatly impacted the United Sates (U.S) and the world. The Great Depression and Global Crisis were both major economic crisisââ¬â¢s the originated in the United States and spread to foreign markets around the world. The Great Depression is regarded as the biggest economic downturn, due to many factors like the stock market crash. The Global Crisis on the other hand, was aRead MoreThe Great Depression and Unemployment: Discussion Questions1271 Words à |à 5 Pages________________________________________________________________________ Q. 2: The Great Depression The Great Depression started in 1930 and lasted until 1939. It can be regarded as the worst depression the world has ever seen in the history. Spread across various nations, the Great Depression badly hampered each and every aspect of the economic, business, political, and social life. The most affected regions due to this economic slump were North America, Europe, and other industrialized Western countriesRead MoreEssay on The Great Depression, Annotated Bibliography879 Words à |à 4 PagesCecchetti, Stephen G. Understanding the Great Depression: Lessons for Current Policy . Monetary Economics (1997): 1-26. This article is about the circumstances that led to the collapse of the economy in 1929. It relates to my research proposal because I am evaluating historic events that led to the financial crisis of 1929. The article discusses how deflation played an important role in expanding the depression, and how the Gold Standard, a monetary system in which a countryââ¬â¢s government allowsRead MoreCauses of The Great Depression Essay701 Words à |à 3 Pagespopulation was unemployed. That is what it reached during The Great Depression (ââ¬Å"The Great Depressionâ⬠). During the depression unemployment rates were the highest they have ever been. It is highly speculated to this day on what exactly caused The Great Depression. Most historians agree it was a chain of events, one after another, that brought our country into chaos. Some events were more impactful than others. These events caused pandemonium among the public, which blew it even more out ofRead MoreThe World s Econo my Was Devastated1732 Words à |à 7 Pages Assignment 4 GEOG200 Bradley Bache 3129292 Submitted September 10, 2015 In 1929, the western worldââ¬â¢s economy was devastated. With the crash of the United States Wall Street, the realm drove into what is now known as the ââ¬Å"Great Recessionâ⬠. Its neighbour to the north, Canada also felt these affects as unemployment and poverty grew. After a decade of despair, the massive rise in government spending for the Second World War and the reductions in taxes, the economies returned to prosperRead MoreThe Great Depression of the 20th century and the Great Recession of the 21st century were both600 Words à |à 3 Pages The Great Depression of the 20th century and the Great Recession of the 21st century were both important economic crises in U.S. history. The Great Depression began in 1929, during the presidencies of Herbert Hoover and Franklin Roosevelt. The Great Recession of 2008 took place at the end of President George W. Bushââ¬â¢s presidency and at the beginning of President Obamaââ¬â¢s presidency. The Great Depression was a lon g-term decline in economic activity, and the Great Recession was a business contractionRead MoreAmerica s First Great Depression : Economic Crisis And Political Disorder Essay856 Words à |à 4 Pages Alasdair Roberts book entitled America s First Great Depression: Economic Crisis and Political Disorder After The Panic of 1837 introduces the reader to challenges the United States dealt with in terms of economic and political crisis. He thoroughly entails the drastic decline the nation witnessed shortly after The Panic of 1837 which he coined the start of America s first Great Depression. Alasdair Roberts is a well known Canadian professor at the Truman School of Public Affairs. He frequentlyRead MoreWall Street : The Great And Powerful Financial District Of The World1407 Words à |à 6 Pages Wall Street is the great and powerful financial district of the world. With that statement being true Wall Street isnââ¬â¢t perfect. Wall Street has faced many problems throughout its existence as recessions and depressions came into play and single handedly pushed America into a financial crisis. As early as 1929 till as recent as 2008 recessions still occur and throughout the existe nce of Wall Street they will never stop existing. The argument of whether or not a recession could be predicted is aRead MoreThe Great Depression : A Economic Catastrophe Of All Times1489 Words à |à 6 PagesThe great depression has been considered the biggest economic catastrophe of all times, it was a crisis that affected every individual in the United States and it extended to other countries in the globe. The unemployment rate grew from 5 million of people to 13 million from 1929 to 1930. Little kids were put into headwork in order to support their families, it was a period of desperation and starvation that left a mark in American history. So what open the doors to this economic crisis? We willRead MoreThe Great Depression Of The 1930 S1476 Words à |à 6 Pagesthe great depression of the 1930ââ¬â¢s and the great recession in the United State of America. First, Iââ¬â¢ll make a general overview of each of these two different periods and then focus on certain specific a spects during these different times. This will include the causes to the economic recessions witnessed, impacts of the economic recessions and the solutions that were introduced. When talking about any topic regarding American history, it would be hard not to mention the 1930ââ¬â¢s great depression. Authors
Monday, May 18, 2020
The American Revolution - Free Essay Example
Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 823 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/04/26 Category History Essay Level High school Topics: American Revolution Essay Did you like this example? The Revolutionary War Americas freedom did not come easily. Americans were neglected and troubled by Great Britain. Something had to change. Something sparked rebellion. They couldnt stand it any longer: America needed freedom from Britain. America started a rebellion. Some merchants started smuggling goods from other countries to avoid paying Britain. Britain wanted to tax America and Americans had to rebel in some way. America was getting anxious: they started a major war. This is how America would fight, fight for their rights. Many battles were fought and many troops died; they persisted, persevered until they got what they wanted. Eventually America pulled through and defeated Great Britain. Now America had their hard earned freedom. Their democracy was much different from the monarchy they were forced to serve in. America had fought and battled for a long time to get what they wanted; they smuggled tea to hurt British tea companies, started one of the biggest wars in history, and eventually persevered to get what they deserved. Donââ¬â¢t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The American Revolution" essay for you Create order This desire towards freedom got America thinking. They became aware of what Britain was doing. Britain enforced the Townshend acts: they taxed America for all British goods imported into America. These acts started causing America to lose money. Eventually, Britain removed all of the Townshend acts except for the one on tea. Merchants started to smuggle tea from the Netherlands. This hurt the British tea company drastically. As a sign of rebellion to the Townshend act, Samuel Adams led a group of rebels all dressed up as Mohawk Indians. He led his group onto a British tea ship and dumped all of the tea overboard. This particular event infuriated Britain. As a result, they placed the intolerable acts upon America. One act declared that the Boston harbor was to be closed until America paid for the damage and learned to respect Great Britain. A convention of delegates was formed to resist the acts. This group was later named the Continental Congress. A little before the tea party Britain had troops stationed in Boston. America started a riot: the people were angry. They were yelling and threatening the British troops. The troops were frightened. This caused them to blind-fire into the huge crowd. Because of these shots, five innocent people were killed. America was furious with Britain. To help spread propaganda, America nicknamed the event The Boston Massacre. By now America was furious and desired independence. They decided to take a stand: war was created. On April 18,1775 Paul Revere rode on horseback through Lexington and Concord. He was yelling The British are coming! The British are coming! This allowed American citizens to prepare for the oncoming British troops. Townspeople gathered up on a hidden hill ready to fight. At dawn April 19,1775 British soldiers approached the town. The townspeople, also called minutemen, fired at the soldiers. However, seven minutemen were killed whereas only one British troop was wounded. This was the first battle of the war. The next large battle was the battle of Bunker Hill. On June 17, 1775 British forces attacked Americas outpost on Breeds Hill. At this time the American forces were in the hands of George Washington. He told them Dont fire until you see the whites of their eyes!. This motto conserved ammo. America took out multiple waves of British soldiers faster and more efficiently because they saved their ammo while the British wasted it. This battle was announced to be the bloodiest battle of the whole war. 400 Patriots were killed along as 1000 British troops that were killed. Throughout the entire war, America was still driven by the thought of freedom and kept dreaming until the end. Independence was gained in 1783. America had freedom: they were no longer controlled by Great Britain. America was completely free and had no mother country to control their decisions. They made the choices now. No mother countries meant no more taxes and unbearable laws. America could now spend their time and money on their own country and import whatever they wanted from wherever they wanted. The country became a democracy; George Washington was elected as the first president of the United States on April 30, 1789. America was no longer a monarchy: no more king. Since America was a democracy, the citizens got say in the countrys decisions: they could all vote for the countrys leader. Eventually, America persevered and gained what they deserved: independence. In the beginning, America was owned by Great Britain. Britain was controlling, forceful, and America needed change. They started many rebellions: they dumped tea to resist the townshend acts, they smuggled goods from the Netherlands to hurt British companies, America started a devastating but powerful war. America definitely wanted freedom wanted it badly. In the end, America broke free from Britains tight grasp. America worked hard to gain freedom and they deserved every bit of it. They persevered. They never gave up. They accomplished their long term goal of independence. America was freed.
Friday, May 15, 2020
America s Economy Issues As A Whole Essay - 732 Words
Samra Balic 62-35 81 Street Middle Village, NY 11379 15 December 2014 Representative Grace Meng 118-35 Queens Boulevard Suite 1610 Forest Hills, NY 11375 Phone: 718-445-7861 Dear Representative Grace Meng: The purpose of this letter is to briefly introduce our nationââ¬â¢s economy issues as a whole. I am asking for you to make revisions to the federal law to improve the conditions necessary for economic growth and job creation. Despite job gains, a strong stock market, and faster economic growth this year, many citizens are still concerned about the economy. As of November 7th the U.S economy added 214,000 jobs, which makes the unemployment rate down to 5.8 percent, the lowest in six years. The unemployment rate fell from 5.9% to 5.8%, which is lowest since July 2008. Hourly earnings rose three cents to $24.57 and are up just 2% over the past year, in line with the unclear increases so far in the five year recovery. Economists have been looking for a pickup in wage gains to branch more consumer spending. This recent data implies that the slow progression out of the Great Recession is gaining control. However, Americans are seeing their purchasing power rise while jobs come back tha nks to falling oil prices. In my opinion, yes unemployment continues to decline as long as you carefully ignore the calculation of millions of people who are in fact still unemployed. The fact that millions of people have given up all hope of finding employment and are no longer seeking, andShow MoreRelatedIncome Inequality : Not All Live Equal Lives1198 Words à |à 5 PagesIncome inequality is a major issue throughout society in the United States of America, due to a corrupt and inconsistent economy that is displayed for individuals to suffer through. Those who are rich or poor in the United States of America should not all live equal lives. Yes, rich people benefit the most from income inequality, however they do not participate towards a fair level of taxpaying commitment, in comparison to those individuals who live low or middle class lifestyles. Anger occurs frequentlyRead MoreThe Economic Policies Of Hillary Clinton And Donald Trump Essay1382 Words à |à 6 Pagespresidenti al election coming up on November 8th, with the two candidatesââ¬â¢ being Donald Trump and Hilary Clinton. A huge issue in this election was to come up with an economic policy on both Republican side and democrat side. Both candidates have come up with many different policies for a positive economy of the United States. The Economic policies of Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump Taxes. Trump s plan to come up with an improvement to our taxing system will move all citizens into three different tax bracketsRead MoreEssay about How the President Can Strengthen the Economy1746 Words à |à 7 PagesIt is obvious that the economy is currently facing the problem of recession. There are reasons why the countryââ¬â¢s economy is currently facing these problems. One reason why is that the U.S. is in an abundance of debt. This includes the federal economic system, countries and individual citizens in general. The second problem is the issue with health care. Many American citizens are without a sufficient amount of health care. The sad matter is that several other health care systems in other countriesRead MoreIndividualism Is Celebrated As An Achievement Of Our Culture, Economy, And Success1328 Words à |à 6 Pagesculture, economy, and success. It basks in the light of personal success overthrowing the success of the community, and believes that to be personally successful is more important than the success and solidarity among the people you identify with. In the 19th century of Latin America, this ideology was forced onto a society that perceived itself as a collective culture. The success of the majority was more important than the success of the individual to the non-Europeans of Latin America. To be successfulRead MoreImproving Education During The 21st Century959 Words à |à 4 PagesImproving Education in America One of the first issues is that the U.S is 26th in math, 21st in science, and 17th in reading. America leads in many things except the most important education. China, Finland and Korea are way ahead of us when it comes to education. America s school system ranked fifth in spending. The type of education of a child is one of the factors of their success. Which is one of the areas we need to change. As teachers get their degree they need to be properlyRead MoreThe Federal Reserve1337 Words à |à 6 PagesThe Federal Reserve has been around America for more than a century. It has helped America keep a stable central bank, have maximum employment, and many more great advantages. The Fed isnââ¬â¢t just a tiny piece of the puzzle; it has a great deal of importance with the roles it plays in everyday life that not a lot of people know of. With the Fed basically being the bank of every bank in America, it has a lot of responsibility. Over the past one hundred years the Feder al Reserve has proven to benefitRead MoreDavid K. Shipler s Work1696 Words à |à 7 Pages David K. Shipler went on a journey trying to reveal the truth about Americas working poor. It was a little difficult trying to find different ways of getting enough information about the life of the poor, and getting them to feel comfortable explaining the stressful life that they lived in America the great. There were many different aspects and situations about people that were struggling to make it in America. David K. Shipler used many different research methods on this project, and wentRead MoreThe United States Of America Essay1694 Words à |à 7 PagesA crash in america may be coming a lot sooner than many people think. The United States of America is facing problems a lot of people are either unaware of or just dont think its a big deal. Most of america think that our economy and government is in alright financial shape, That may not be the case though. America is in bad shape and it seems to be going down hill. America is declining in world power as well and this is just another factor leading to a crash in the future. Other nations are growingRead MoreA Brief Examination Of Wealth Inequality1663 Words à |à 7 PagesA Brief Examination of Wealth Inequality in America Thomas Buonanno Debating U.S. Issues April 7, 2017 With every passing moment, the problem gets worse, and many people in this country do not even know it exists. Over the past few decades, the middle class has slowly begun to disappear as trillions of dollars have shifted to the top 1% of the country. This pandemic so infiltrated the American economy that the richest 400 individuals in America today own more wealth than the poorest 150 millionRead MoreThe Rise Of Modern America854 Words à |à 4 Pagesthe rise of ââ¬Å"modern Americaâ⬠, there were economic, religious, and aspect of life changes took place and it was greatly changed the Americans societyââ¬â¢s perceptions, specifically, the north and the south. The rise of ââ¬Å"modern Americaâ⬠was greatly motivated immigrants to come to the United States for economic opportunity, industrialization in the North after the civil war created new businesses and job regulations, and the demand for social changes; all of these factors shaped America socially, politically
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
The Revolution Of The United States - 1297 Words
ââ¬Å"Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness,â⬠as stated in the Constitution as well as stated by the philosopher John Locke, is the basis for the United States of America as we know it today. The notion that all humans were created equal and that all people are entitled to basic human rights came from the various experiences the colonists faced through the Revolution, which was a vital influence in the creation of the Constitution. The revolution was a key turning point in American history, it was when the American colonies rejected the ideals of the British and battled for their independence. One of the major reasons for the issues with the British were the different acts that taxed the British in order to raise revenue to pay off the debt that the British accrued during the French and Indian war. Among the acts that the British imposed on the colonists was the Sugar Act, the Stamp act, and the Townshend Revenue Act. The Sugar act was enacted in 1764, and decreased the taxes that were placed on French molasses. The reduction of the taxes that were placed on french molasses made it more attractive for shippers to obey the law and raised the penalties for smuggling. This act was used to regulate trade, as well as raise revenue for the British. This act was created because of the fact that paying customs officers were costing the British government four times what was actually being collected in revenue. After the Sugar act was not as successful as expected, GeorgeShow MoreRelatedThe Revolution Of The United States865 Words à |à 4 Pagesto the United States. The progressives brought change through industries, social movements and the economy. The progressives, (as their name suggests) brought progress to America that forever changed the United States for the better. Without the progressives Americas change to more government involvement for the time being would never have happened thus showing the American people what is truly ââ¬Å"Americanâ⠬ . As the industrial age was booming and factories were abundant among the United StatesRead MoreThe Revolution Of The United States1150 Words à |à 5 PagesPresident Jimmy Carter allowed the Shah to enter the United States for cancer treatments. Immediately, the revolutionaries demanded that the Shah be returned to Iran so he could stand trial for the human rights violations that he was accused of. When the Carter Administration would not return the Shah, the revolutionaries were outraged and retaliated against the United States. On November 4, 1979, students who supported Ayatollah Khomeini and the revolution, known as the Muslim Student Followers of Imamââ¬â¢sRead MoreThe Revolution Of The United States Essay1835 Words à |à 8 Pageswith its systems going up and down. In the same manner, every generation has had their technology revolution. Technology has had overpowering effects on the different lifestyles that people live, throughout human history. The most dramatic changes in America during growth was not just due to the invention of one thing . Most, people emphasize that the train was a major factor in the market revolution; although, the trains played a huge part in spreading the market from coast-to-coast; there canRead MoreThe Revolution Of The United States2051 Words à |à 9 PagesJacksonian Revolution In the early 1800s, it was generally known that in order to vote, a person was required to have a ââ¬Å"stakeâ⬠in society, they either had to pay taxes or own so many acres of land. Voting rights varied throughout the colonies, for example, some colonies added restrictions due to the religious beliefs of the voters. Furthermore, under the United States Constitution the presidential electors were chosen by the state legislatures not by the people, as well, eligibility to vote forRead MoreThe Revolution Of The United States1479 Words à |à 6 Pagespeople hoped for change. They put their trust in Andrew Jackson, hoping that Jackson would defend the rights of the common people and slave states. When Jackson was popular, some states changed their qualifications for voters to grant more white male suffrage. This usually excluded free blacks from voting, even though they were allowed under the original state constitutions. Political parties began holding nominating conventions, where the party members choose the partyââ¬â¢s candidates instead of theRead MoreThe Revolution Of The United States879 Words à |à 4 Pagesto Dr. Strangelove in that way because of what was taking place at the time of the release. Life in the United States was chaotic and unpredictable. In the same year, 1964, that the movie was released several other major events took place. America had the war in Vietnam, civil rights movement, Cuban Missile Crisis, and Chinaââ¬â¢s test of a nuclear bomb. Citizens of the United States lived in a state of fear that their capitalist system would be overthrown by a communist party. The country was filled withRead MoreThe Revolution Of The United States1020 Words à |à 5 Pageslost power, fuel, money and other essential in order to run a country. When a country is lacking resources, tension would more than likely increase. However, after the collapse, they became a special development within the Cuba for tourism. The revolution was designed against the ideas of tourism. Yet, tourism would create jobs and enable dollars to come into the country. However, it with the new interest within tourism and capitalism, that further open up ideas of race. It would reproduce certainRead MoreThe Revolution Of The United States939 Words à |à 4 PagesThe whole story began in 1985, in the not too distant era, throughout the United States large-scale riots broke out, and a group of pregnant superhero abilities will assist the government suppressed the rebellion, these superheroes usually all have their ordinary identity, not their true selves, and they all have their own code. Headed is called Rorschach Walter Kovacs (Jackie Earle Haley ornaments), ther e s Dr. Manhattan Joe Osterman (Billy Crudup ornaments), ghost Sally Jupiter (Carla GuginoRead MoreThe Revolution Of The United States1064 Words à |à 5 Pageswere not happy when Spanish mess with their right and religion. They did not like when only the elite had a say in Mexico, so they revolted. What they haven t satisfied with the government was being run, so they protest in the street after the revolution. There this underlying cause of the people uprising against the government when mistrust when individuals in power abuse their power over the people. It has been a power struggle of over what people of Mexico wanted and what Nation wanted. ThoughtRead MoreThe Revolution Of The United States891 Words à |à 4 Pagesgave up with his plans for the land and was in need of money for his war with Britain, the U.S. received the bargain of all of the Louisiana Territory for 15 million dollars after months of inaction. Thomas Jefferson was a passionate supporter of state rightsââ¬â¢ associating himself with the Republican Party. Jefferson intensely spoke against a strong federal government, due to his everlasting fear of tyranny. In late April of 1803 Jefferson is faced with a moral dilemma either choice he was to make
Theme Of Allusions In Frankenstein - 987 Words
Frankenstein Allusions Mary Shelley, author of Frankenstein, references many other works of literature in her renowned book. To name a few of the referenced works there were John Miltonââ¬â¢s Paradise Lost, the Greek ââ¬Å"Prometheus mythâ⬠, and the widely known poem by Samuel Taylor Coleridge, ââ¬Å"The Rime of the Ancient Marinerâ⬠. Each of these allusions gave a new meaning to Shelleyââ¬â¢s story, affecting how each of the readers interpreted her words. Paradise Lost shares many parallels with Frankenstein. Two different characters from Miltonââ¬â¢s poem can be compared to Victor Frankensteinââ¬â¢s monster. The first of the characters is Lucifer; the fallen angel can closely relate to the creature from Shelleyââ¬â¢s story. Both were forsaken by their creators,â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦did I solicit thee/ From darkness to promote me?,â⬠(Milton, Lines 743-745). Alike Adam, Frankensteinââ¬â¢s monster also feels the pain of his existence, asking Victor why he had cr eated him, though he didnââ¬â¢t truly expect an answer. Adam and the creature share most of their similarities through their pain, almost curing their creators as the bane of their existences. Moving forward to the ââ¬Å"Prometheus myth,â⬠the similarities between the stories are a bit more difficult to identify, but not impossible. There are also comparisons between characters of the myth and of Frankenstein. Again, the creature is the focus of these comparisons, as he can be said to similar to the Titan, Prometheus. Each character tries to offer their assistance to humanity, but only receives punishment in response to their actions. For Prometheus, Zeus, otherwise known as Jupiter in Roman mythology, seeks what he thinks is retribution for the Titan disobeying his direct order of not granting the humans with fire. Zeus creates the ââ¬Å"perfectâ⬠woman, Pandora, and sends her to Prometheus and his brother, Epimetheus. Pandora disobeys one of the only requests given to her: do not open the box she was given. Instead of adhering to the instructions, the woman lets her curiosity get the better of her, causing all kinds of horrors to be released into the world, which then had ââ¬Å"the bottomShow MoreRelatedThe Themes Of Allusions In Mary Shelleys Frankenstein1096 Words à |à 5 Pagesconversation is chiefly remarkable for the summariness of its allusions and the rapidity of its transitions. Before one of them is half through a sentence the other knows his meaning and replies. ... His mental lungs breathe more deeply, in an atmosphere more broad and vastâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ Mary Shelley was a young and brilliant author and woman, who if allusionist was a career path, sheââ¬â¢d be a trailblazer. Although she has an almost impeccable hand at allusions, why does she use them? Was it because of her youth in lifeRead MoreFrankenstein essay 2 672 Words à |à 3 Pagesï » ¿ Frankensteins Monster and Miltons Satan An Essay on Paradise Lost and Frankenstein By Chris Davidson Almost all great works of literature contain allusions to other great works of literature that enhance the meaning of the work. Mary Shellyââ¬â¢s Frankenstein is an excellent example of a major literary work that contains a sustained allusion to another major work. Frankenstein contains many references to Miltonââ¬â¢s Paradise Lost, and the two stories are parallel in many aspects. In Shellyââ¬â¢sRead MoreFrankenstein: Allusions1112 Words à |à 5 PagesDavid Pham Professor Robert Guffey English 100 13 November 2012 Frankenstein: Into the Depths of Allusions An allusion is a figure of speech that is a reference to a well-known person, place, event, or literary work. These allusions are typically used by an author who intends to make a powerful point without the need to explain it. Mary Shelley s Frankenstein provides many examples of allusion s. She connects the story of ââ¬Å"Prometheusâ⬠, Coleridge s Rime of the Ancient Mariner, and Milton sRead MoreMary Shelleyà ´s Frankenstein; Or, the Modern Prometheus, an Analysis of the Subtitle1219 Words à |à 5 Pages(Shelley 37). Ab initio Victor Frankenstein, the main protagonist, is being put on a level with Prometheus through the subtitle. An indication that Mary Shelley did indeed have the myth in mind as she wrote the novel, is not only her subtitle, but moreover the parallels between the Prometheus myth and Frankenstein, which are undeniable. The title itself gives a lot away of the story which follows. It links the modern world with the ancient Greek myth. Victor Frankenstein â â¬Å"stealsâ⬠the secret of lifeRead MoreUse of Allusion and Symbolism in Edward Scissorhands Essay691 Words à |à 3 PagesUse of Allusion and Symbolism in Edward Scissorhands Nothing just happens in film. Directors all make certain choices in production in order to invite a particular response from the audience. The film, Edward Scissorhands is based around the introduction of a social outcast into a community and his attempts at acceptance. Although at first he is accepted whole heartedly and somewhat smothered, he later learns that despite how human he is, he cannot co-exist in theRead MoreInfluence of The Metamorphoses and Paradise Lost in Frankenstein by Mary Shelley891 Words à |à 4 PagesThe Metamorphoses and Paradise Lost in Frankenstein by Mary Shelley Frankenstein, possibly Mary Wollstonecraft Shelleys most well-known work, is considered by some to be the greatest Gothic Romance Novel. Due to her marriage to Percy Bysshe Shelley and close friendship with other prolific Romantic authors and poets, namely Lord Byron, Shelleys works permeate with Romantic themes and references. Also present in Frankenstein are obvious allusions to The Metamorphoses by Ovid and Paradise Read MoreCatcher in the Rye vs Frankenstein Novel Study Essay1304 Words à |à 6 Pagesand Frankenstein. The two authors, J.D. Salinger and Mary Shelley prove this statement through their use of various literary devices. Key characters in both novels- Holden and the creature- learn through personal experiences that innocence cannot, in fact, be preserved forever, and they both face the reality of corruption. The use of allusions in both novels plays a big role in assisting the authors with introducing the message of innocence and corruption. The most obvious use of an allusion inRead MoreMary Shellys Frankenstein and Ridley Scotts Blade Runner935 Words à |à 4 Pagesââ¬Å"Frankensteinâ⬠composed by Mary Shelley and ââ¬Å"Blade Runnerâ⬠directed by Ridley Scott Propose two of the most paramount science fiction stories as they donââ¬â¢t just pursue the logic of technological futurism but also present us with ideas about our humanity. Catalysed by their powerful contexts, both texts represent their common ideas, themes and values allowing us to fully appreciate their significance which continue to resonate throughout time. Despite being composed at different times, both FrankensteinRead MoreEssay about Frankenstein Allusions1689 Words à |à 7 PagesIn the gothic novel Frankenstein, Mary Shelley weaves an intricate web of allusions through her charactersââ¬â¢ expedient desires for knowledge. Both the actions of Frankenstein, as well as his monster allude to John Miltonââ¬â¢s Paradise Lost. Book eight of Miltonââ¬â¢s story relates the tale of Satanââ¬â¢s temptation and Eveââ¬â¢s fateful hunger for knowledge. The infamous Fall of Adam and Eve introduced the knowledge of good and evil into a previously pristine world. With one swift motion sin was birthed, and theRead More The Theme of Justice in Frankenstein Essay942 Words à |à 4 PagesHow important is the theme of justice in Frankenstein. Refer closely to the creation scene and Justines trial scene. Justice is defined as justice is the administration of law; especially : the establishment or determination of rights according to the rules of law or equity which can be interpreted as adhering to laws of both a natural and civilised level. In Frankenstein many of the fundamental laws of both humanity and the world we live in are broken. Creation in he Christian faith is
Comparative Social Business Responsibility ââ¬Myassignmenthelp.Com
Question: Discuss About The Comparative Social Business Responsibility? Answer: Introduction Ethics is regarded as the backbone of any institution weather it is a business or a non-profit seeking organization. Ethics and values does not merely state what is the right thing to do, but it also defines, doing things in a conscious, responsible and in a smart manner so that the company not only garners goodwill among the customers and the internal employees but also have a good name in the industry which will only turn out to be an asset in the long run of the operations of the business. Global ethics are universally accepted guidelines and rules of ethics and morals which should be adopted by the company and the management in the daily running of the operations. There are various aspects of ethics be it on the customer end or the employee end or for the society and the environment. Concept of triple bottom line Traditional concepts of business module include sales maximization, growth, expansion and profit as the primary focus of the business. This is the model of business that was followed by all business organizations as they would focus on increasing the monetary value of the business and create a global footprint. This theory has been replaced by a contemporary model and perspective which is known as the concept of triple bottom line. In this concept the business model deals with a much broader aspect of responsibilities that business entities have in order to survive in the industry and the market. It includes three Ps: Price, People and Planet. Price would include all that was in the traditional model of business, i.e. expansion of the business, sales optimization and profit maximization etc. People, this an addition to the new version of the sustainability model of business, it includes the people who are associated with the business be it the interest of the customers or the employe es of the company or the society at large. For example: cross-cultural management concept deals with people descending from diversified background to work as a team for the betterment of the organization. Lastly, the concept of Planet as this is one of the most important aspect in the business process that is often neglected by the organization. An organization like any other individual is entitled towards certain responsibilities towards the environment and nature as it has received a lot from the natural resources. Overview of the Oil and Gas Industry Oil and gas industry has been the pioneer of industrialization since the industrial revolution. The products and services are provided by this industry and significant and have special importance in running any other business around the world. Light, heat and mobility are just some of the aid that everyone enjoys form the produce of this industry. Though no one can deny the importance and the utility of the oil and gas industry, no one can also deny the fact that due to oil and gas drilling there is a lot of environmental depletion. Over the years there has also been a lot of disagreement around the economic and environmental issues surrounding this company. According to Ferrell and Fraedrich (1991), by 2017 the demand for oil and gas will reach up to 4 trillion cubic meters. To combat this great demand of oil and gas natural resource large reserves are being drilled and the industry has also faced a lot of controversies regarding the safety of the workers and the health hazards that are associated with working in the reservoirs and the site of the oil platforms. As referred before sustainability is always has been an issue with this industry the drilling of the oil and gas causes serious water pollution from the remains of the drilling and also the procedure causes a large amount of air pollution. Apart from that the land is being drilled and depletion of natural resources is another factor of the industry that causes environmental threat. Oil spills are another problem in the world that are causing serious water pollution and are developing major concerns in the world. Most petroleum reserves are found beneath the ocean floor and drilling rigs are utilised to extract the materials any leak or any issue with the rigs have the potential to cause major environmental damages. Leaving behind the traditional concepts of profit maximization business organisations are taking over the mantel of sustainability and welfare. Hence, the oil and gas industry companies have slowly invested and opted for sustainable, improved so that it can decrease the en vironmental impact as well as avoid the potential of any kind of disasters. Not only oil and gas companies but corporate all around the world have recognised the importance of environmental sustainability and have adopted it as a part of the business model. Impact of ethical risk management of oil and gas industry in the reduction of accidents Understanding and analysing the risk associated with several stakeholders is the first step towards developing an ethical culture within the organisation. Working in an ethical environment may cause a lot of changes in the policies and the decision making procedure of the company and it may take a little getting used to the new affairs of the operation by the employees and the stakeholders. Risk management and reduction of accidents are a part of cause and effect concept. If companies take an account of the risks that they pose to the environment or ethically and work towards reduction of those risks and crisis situations simultaneously the accidents associated with the risks also reduces. Two of major oil spills that united States have ever experienced to date is the Exxon Valdez spill and the deepwater horizon oil spill. There are several reasons for oil sills it can be man-made or natural. Experts estimate that 30-50 percent of oil spills are caused by human error directly or indi rectly. Moreover 20-40 percent times it is caused due to the failure of mechanism or equipment malfunction. If the management assess this problem and take precautions and employee skilled professionals to handle equipments, check and recheck the accounts and the records so that there is no place for human error then the plausible conditions for oil spills can be reduced and managed by the oil and gas industry (Michel and Fingas 2016). There are several mode of transportation involved in the transfer of petroleum from the oil, form the field to the server. Starting from tankers, pipelines, railcars, and tank trucks etc are few of the examples of the mode of transportation used. Hence there are high risks associated with the transportation of the products. Not only oil and gas industries governments also all the world has taken strict will measure and code of guideline sthat help reduce the risks of oil spills. Training the worker to develop skills, advanced use of technology to build equipments and modern ways to tackle the procedures of drilling, extraction and transportation process are some of the ways that can reduce the impact and the oil spills incidents. Recognizing and identifying danger and strategizing plans associated with risk analysis of the septic operation and practicing risk-mitigating actions are the most evident prevention tactics of prevention of oil spills. Research and development should be encouraged in the companies and innovations in the technologies should be implemented to understand the risk and manage them accordingly. Understanding the reasons and the cause of oil spills in the past provide an insight of what went wrong and how could it be prevented is one of the ways in which companies can reduce the risk of oil spills (Yusuf et al. 2014). The technologies before implementation or installation should go through thorough checks and quality procedures to endure temperature and climatic changes so that it does not behave in different ways in different conditions. The technologies should be certified by the authorities and should in corporate leak detection and in-line monitoring procedures for pipelines (Ventikos and Sotiropoulos 2014). Apart from oil spills there are also accidents with the employees who are working in the reserves and the platforms as well. The lives of the employees of any organization are one of the most important aspects that companies should take care of. Health issues from inhaling toxins exposed from drilling process, oil and gas and petroleum are all inflammable substances and hence there is a lot of risk associated with fire and explosions for the workers who are working in these reserves. Over the years of facing criticisms and controversies related to the occupational hazards that are associated with the oil and gas industry the wellbeing of the workers and safety precautions has been prioritized by my companies. Yet, there are several industrial hygiene concerns that are often ignored as they are not that prominent but cause a lot of impact. In order to determine the real risk to workers companies have to understand and analyze the risk in proper way and management has to take policies and decisions accordingly for the betterment and improvement of the working conditions of the workers. Accidents like falls and explosions and fires are some of the casualties that can be prevented with extra careful practices and proper risk management policies of the company (Ventikos and Sotiropoulos 2014). Apart from this, the workers are mostly exposed to hazaderous chemicals like drilling fluids, hydrogen sulfide, silica, diesel exhaust and mercury. A proper exposure control plan or EPA must be implemented by the company in order to reduce the risk that people are in due to chemicals that they are surrounded in the process. The plan should highlight and provide guidelines to protect the health and wellbeing of the workers against chemical exposures, it should also give out information and data relating to health hazards, equipment controls, safety procedures during the working hours, skill development and training to the workers and maintaining a check or record of the inciden ts and its cause and impact so that in the future such accidents may not occur. Ethical risk management will reduce any accidents in the future and companies have encouraged the usage of sustainable technologies and ethical guidelines to ensure the reduction in the incidents in the past decade. Consistently increasing awareness and advancement of technologies by the oil and gas companies have decreased the possibilities of accidents it should be kept in mind that these guidelines are strictly followed. There are also several authorities and institutions that look after the companies in this matter as well. Risks that BP, Exxon, and the fracking industry continue to face The oil and gas industry is full of risks and hazards. Oil spills and accidents are bound to happen as it deals with inflammable substances, hence in order to avoid the accidents the companies should take mitigation measures and risk management policies. During the Exxon oil spill which occurred during 1989 the company recognized its mistake and had taken full responsibility in restoring the shores and the wildlife that was fiercely affected by the oil spill in the sound region (Whiffen 2013). The company has to pay millions of dollars in as fine and restoration process went on for more than a decade. But experts believe that there has been a permanent effect on the environment and the water life of that area and it cannot be restored back to normal any time soon. The significant damage that the spill has caused to the fishery and the water life in that area is of great extent (Berkowitz et al. 2017). The beaches in that area are also examined as toxic and are filled with oil remaini ng. The shoreline is still contaminated and there rare several pits of oil still found in that region. The oil and gas industry has leant a lot form this iconic infamous incident and has adopted a lot to ensure that such incidents do not take place in the future (Papavinasam 2013). The explosion in the deep water horizon in the Gulf of Mexico highlights the fact that the oil and gas companies are yet to be fully responsible in recognizing the threat that they pose to the environment and the society. Companies are yet to understand the gravity of the risk that the operations possess. Beyond petroleum was already under the radar of criticism for the careless policies and decisions that the company showed towards handling safety and precaution of the works along with the sustainability of the operations (Ferrell and Fraedrich 1991). That the company had to rebrand itself, it adopted some extensive and some important measures in the daily operations of the business, code of conduct in the reservoirs and drilling areas as well as using alternative energy sources. As the company tried to reposition itself as sustainable and responsible it had drawn upon some obligations towards the society and environment (Lamendella et al. 2014). The explosion of the oil rig in the Gulf of Mexico made it evident, how obligated they were in their actions. The explosion did not only affect the environment by spilling gallons of crude oil into the water but also took the lives of 11 workers who were in the rig. All the efforts of the company to stop the oil from spilling failed and around 2.5million gallons of oil was pouring out of the rig on a daily basis. The costs of Louisiana, Texas, Florida, Mississippi and Alabama were washed with oil affecting the daily livelihood of thousand of fishermen and killing several aquatic animals. The explosion proved that the contingency plans of the company to control any disaster were inadequate and not full proof. There was no option of system shut down which could have been used as a last resort in any crisis situation. The after effect of this spill will be felt by both the company and the country for years as the government had ordered to shut down 33 rigs in that area which supplied around one-third of the supply in Ame rica (Acosta-Gonzlez et al. 2015). Hydraulic fracturing also known as fracking is a process of extracting natural gas by pumping water, sand and chemicals into shale rock to force out the gas. Fracking has been view by many as the revolutionary opportunity in the energy sector. Natural gas is comparatively cleaner than coal as it emits considerably less amount of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide and mercury which is the known to be the harmful components in the burning coal. Furthermore the process requires only 0.5% of drilling liquid which is also hazardous. The recent discovery of the shale gas reserve in the United sates have given this process a boost and also a promotion to the energy supply for approximately 100 years as anticipated by experts (de Melo-Martn et al. 2014). Nevertheless, the risks yet remain it is comparatively lesser than others but it is still a inflammable substance and that itself has a lot of risk associated with it. It is being said that methane is being emitted by the process of fracking and also that it cases the seismic shift of the tectonic place in the area of drilling. There are other chemicals that are used by the process which are carcinogenic in nature like benzene, hydrochloric acid and diesel (Kelland 2014). Impact of ethical leadership in risk management For an industry as old and as criticized like the oil and gas industry, it is very important to be ethical in nature, the three pillars of sustainability model must be considered by the oil and gas industry than any other as the risks associated with the industry is also significantly higher than any other industry. As stated by Ferrell and Fraedrich (1991), there are risk associated the production to the transportation to the storage of the product that the industry offers. In such cases ethics become the backbone of the company and just developing sustainable and health welfare products does not end the process for the industry. The policies and the decisions as well as the technologies that are innovated have to go through strict and stringent rules and regulations. The companies are in great need for leaders who are ethically driven and give more and more importance to the societal and the environmental welfare because those two factors form the majority of backup and support for the company (Varfolomeev et al. 2014). Conclusion The impact the oil and gas industry have on the economies, environment and society is unlike any other industry. The importance of energy is not unknown to any but the pressing issue at the current situation is the significant depletion of the environment and the effect it has on society. Oil and gas companies should understand the responsibility they have towards the welfare of the society along with the environmental responsibility they have. The aim should not be to prevent any accidents that are a prerequisite that comes with the business, the aim should be towards innovations and creativity so that the company can ensure the betterment of the environment and the improvement of the work life of the people associated with the industry. Reference List: Acosta-Gonzlez, A., Martirani-von Abercron, S.M., Rossell-Mra, R., Wittich, R.M. and Marqus, S., 2015. The effect of oil spills on the bacterial diversity and catabolic function in coastal sediments: a case study on the Prestige oil spill.Environmental Science and Pollution Research,22(20), pp.15200-15214. Berkowitz, H., Bucheli, M. and Dumez, H., 2017. Collectively designing CSR through meta-organizations: A case study of the oil and gas industry.Journal of Business Ethics,143(4), pp.753-769. de Melo-Martn, I., Hays, J. and Finkel, M.L., 2014. The role of ethics in shale gas policies.Science of the total environment,470, pp.1114-1119. Ferrell, O.C. and Fraedrich, J., 1991. Business ethics: Ethical decision making and cases. Houghton Mifflin College Division. Kelland, M.A., 2014.Production chemicals for the oil and gas industry. CRC press. Lamendella, R., Strutt, S., Borglin, S., Chakraborty, R., Tas, N., Mason, O.U., Hultman, J., Prestat, E., Hazen, T.C. and Jansson, J.K., 2014. Assessment of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill impact on Gulf coast microbial communities.Frontiers in microbiology,5. Michel, J. and Fingas, M., 2016. Oil Spills: Causes, Consequences, Prevention, and Countermeasures.Fossil Fuels: Current Status and Future Directions,1, p.159. Papavinasam, S., 2013.Corrosion control in the oil and gas industry. Elsevier. Varfolomeev, E., Marin, O., Bykov, D., Karasev, O., Velikanova, N., Vetchinkina, E., Edelkina, A. and Thurner, T., 2014. Connecting strategy, environmental and social indicators: a study of oil and gas producers. Ventikos, N.P. and Sotiropoulos, F.S., 2014. Disutility analysis of oil spills: graphs and trends.Marine pollution bulletin, business-law, pp.116-123. Whiffen, J., 2013. Exxon Valdez Oil Spill.Proto-Type,1. Yusuf, Y.Y., Gunasekaran, A., Musa, A., Dauda, M., El-Berishy, N.M. and Cang, S., 2014. A relational study of supply chain agility, competitiveness and business performance in the oil and gas industry.International Journal of Production Economics,147, pp.531-543.
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
1984 A Grim Prediction of the Future Essay Example For Students
1984 A Grim Prediction of the Future Essay Nineteen Eighty-Four was written between the years of 1945 and 1948. Orwell got the title from switching the last two numbers of the publication date. In Orwells criticism of a perfect society, his book became known as one of the greatest anti-utopian novels of all time. The books message is so powerful that some say it went so far as to prevent the sinister future from realizing itself. Althought the book starts out as the story of a neurotic, paranoid man, it quickly turns into a protest against a quasi-utopian society and a totalitarian government. The book appears to be a satire at the start, similar to books such as Gullivers Travels, or Huxleys Brave New World, but all too quickly the reader will discover, quite unpleasantly, that it is not a satire at all. Nineteen Eighty-four is not simply a criticism of what Orwell saw happening in his national government with the coming of English Socialism, but a warning of the consequences of contemporary governmental practices, and what they where threatening to bring about. Perhaps the book seems so bleak because the events in the book are a somewhat logical projection from current conditions and historical environment that Orwell observed in 1948. Perhaps people would be more comftorble with the book if they could rule out in their minds the possibility of the profecy becoming a reality. In a critique of his own work, Orwell called Nineteen Eighty-Four A work of a future terrible because it rests on a fiction and can not be substantiated by reality or truth. But perhaps this future is realizing itself more than Orwell thought it would. Orwell, more than likely, would have made note of, but wouldnt be astonished by, the fact that in 1983 the average American household spent over 7 hours in front of the television every night. The number is even greater for those households which currently subscribe to a cable service. Those families watch television for more that 58 hours a week. That is more that 2 days straight without sleeping, eating, or going to the bathroom. He also wouldnt have passed by this magazine advertisement that could be seen in 1984: Is Big Brother watching? If you are tired of Government, tired of big business, tired of everyone telling you who you are and what you should be, then now is the time to speak out. Display your disgust and exhibit your independence, Wear a Big Brother Is Watching tee-shirt. $10, Canadians remit us dollars. Big Brother is Watching LTD. Neenah, WI. This advertisement makes one wonder if there is really a group dedicated to the rise to power of someone called Big Brother. No true reader could ever pass off Winstons experience with indifference. You have to have some kind of sympathy for a man, even if fictional, who can not remember his childhood, or for that matter, even his mother. That is certain to strike a nerve with almost anyone. In addition to thisà constant pain of loss, the reader will also have to vicariously live through lengthy episodes of of other psychological pains, and physical pain. The reader will also be forced to endure the pains of society as The Party turns children against parents, friends against friends, and although ther reader will discover the beauty of a love between a man and a woman, The Party will eventually destroy that too. While The Party is an important theme, two other themes are far more important. The first is the distruction of language. By eliminating more and more words from peoples vocabularies, The Party eliminates the ability of people to unite or conspire against the government. However, they are also eliminating the possibility of conceiving original thought, which has catastrophic effects. The ultimate goal of The Party is to reduce the language to only one word thereby eliminating any thought at all. The second important theme is the elimination of the past. This is the main character, Winstons, job in the ministry of truth, to make sure that The Party always looks right about every decision it has made in the past. .ue36da8ec49a9b20af4c05ae146a15646 , .ue36da8ec49a9b20af4c05ae146a15646 .postImageUrl , .ue36da8ec49a9b20af4c05ae146a15646 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue36da8ec49a9b20af4c05ae146a15646 , .ue36da8ec49a9b20af4c05ae146a15646:hover , .ue36da8ec49a9b20af4c05ae146a15646:visited , .ue36da8ec49a9b20af4c05ae146a15646:active { border:0!important; } .ue36da8ec49a9b20af4c05ae146a15646 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue36da8ec49a9b20af4c05ae146a15646 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue36da8ec49a9b20af4c05ae146a15646:active , .ue36da8ec49a9b20af4c05ae146a15646:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue36da8ec49a9b20af4c05ae146a15646 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue36da8ec49a9b20af4c05ae146a15646 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue36da8ec49a9b20af4c05ae146a15646 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue36da8ec49a9b20af4c05ae146a15646 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue36da8ec49a9b20af4c05ae146a15646:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue36da8ec49a9b20af4c05ae146a15646 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue36da8ec49a9b20af4c05ae146a15646 .ue36da8ec49a9b20af4c05ae146a15646-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue36da8ec49a9b20af4c05ae146a15646:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Edna: The Awakwening EssayThis quest for total power by The Party is an excellent dramatization of Lord Actons famous apothegm, power tends to corrupt and absolute power corrupts absolutely. The Party seems like it wont stop until it controls the minds of everyone under its power, and has complete physical and psychological surveillance on all people at all time. This is exemplified in the fact that the government can look back at you through your television, or telescreen as it is called in the book, and the governmet has set up telescreens almost anywhere you can go. While they dont have telescreens in unpopulated country sides, they have gone through the trouble to plac e hidden microphones disgused as flowers in those areas. and while there are real no laws, the thought police can spy on your thoughts at anytime, and can arrest and kill you on a whim. This policy is mythical. It is not really used for punishment, but to scare everyone else into being good citizens. No other work of this century has inspired people with such love of liberty and hatred of tyranny. Humans have a basic desire to be free and not controlled. Therefore, to Orwell as to the Utopian reformers, the adoption of the governmental doctrine, socialism, was less an economic decision and more a moral decision. Nineteen Eighty-Four is an expression of Mr. Orwells irritation at many of the facets of English socialism. It is also an expression of his moral and intellectual indignation at the concept of totalitarianism, where a country is ruled utterly and completely by a group of few. Another critic says that the book is not a criticism of English socialism at all, but a warning of the consequences of the contemporoary political paths we are following, or were at the time the book was written. The bombs in Nineteen Eighty-Four symbolize Orwells pentà up rage about everything in the political world from the disasterous state of unemployment of the 1930s, to the ignorance of the leftist intelligensia, stupidly justifing Stalinism. Some literary critics have attributed the books extreme grimness to Orwells declining Health, and surmise that his pessimistic views illustrate his collapsing spirit. Whatever his inspiration or motivation, almost fifty years after its first publication, Nineteen Eighty-Four remains one of the great novels of this century.
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